Researchers Call For A New Approach To AI Literacy In The Age Of Generative AI
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming education systems around the world, creating new opportunities as well as new challenges for learners and educators. According to UNESCO’s 2023 Global Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research, the rapid adoption of generative AI has highlighted the need for learners to develop not only digital skills but also the critical thinking needed to use AI responsibly and ethically. As AI becomes increasingly integrated into classrooms, experts say AI literacy is emerging as an essential competency for the future.
Globally, researchers are increasingly exploring frameworks that move beyond teaching people how to use AI tools and instead focus on helping them understand the technology’s capabilities, limitations and societal implications. These approaches aim to equip learners with the knowledge and judgement to decide when AI should be used, when it should not, and how to use it responsibly across different contexts.
Against this backdrop, researchers at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, are developing a new approach to AI literacy through the Scaffolded AI Literacy (SAIL) framework. Led by Professor Kathryn MacCallum, the framework encourages learners and educators to move beyond simply learning how to operate AI tools and instead develop critical judgement about when AI should be used, when it should not, and what responsibilities come with its use. Designed to be adaptable across different age groups, education levels and disciplines, the framework combines AI knowledge, practical skills and responsible AI citizenship to support informed decision-making.
The research also reflects New Zealand’s growing efforts to shape AI education through inclusive and future-focused approaches. Developed in collaboration with experts from education, industry and computer science, alongside Māori and Pacific communities, the SAIL framework incorporates diverse perspectives to ensure AI literacy extends beyond technical skills and reflects broader social, cultural and ethical considerations.
As artificial intelligence continues to reshape learning environments worldwide, frameworks that promote critical thinking alongside digital competencies could play an important role in preparing learners for an AI-enabled future. While AI technologies continue to evolve, initiatives such as SAIL demonstrate how research can help educators and students engage with AI more thoughtfully, responsibly and confidently.
